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📖 Theory Guide →
Scope · Dietary Guidelines · Food Labels · Sports Nutrition · Hydration · Supplements
Chapter 6 Theory Quiz
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—MCQ (20)
—Fill-In (5)
—T/F (5)
Part A — Multiple Choice
20 Questions · 1 pt each
Part B — Fill in the Blank
5 Questions · 1 pt each
Part C — True / False
5 Questions · 1 pt each
Chapter 6 Case Studies
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Case Studies (Multiple Choice)
7 Cases · 35 Questions · 1 pt each
Nutrition Scope of Practice
✓ Within Scope (All PTs)
- Share federal Dietary Guidelines for Americans & MyPlate
- Discuss general nutrition topics covered by ACE
- Distribute material developed by an RD or physician
- Refer clients to RDs or health coaches
✗ Outside Scope (All PTs)
- Individualized meal plans / caloric & macro targets
- Nutritional assessment of needs/status
- Counseling to prevent, treat, or cure disease
- Prescribing supplements; medical nutrition therapy
DRIs & AMDRs
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| EAR | Adequate for 50% of group |
| RDA | Adequate for 97–98% of group |
| UL | Safe maximum (toxicity risk) |
| AI | Used when no EAR/RDA data |
| Macro | AMDR | RDA |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | 45–65% | 130 g/day |
| Protein | 10–35% | 0.8 g/kg/day |
| Total Fat | 20–35% | — |
| Added Sugars | <10% | — |
| Saturated Fat | <10% | — |
| Sodium | — | <2,300 mg |
Dietary Guidelines & Patterns
4 Key Guidelines1) Healthy pattern at every life stage · 2) Customize to preference/culture/budget · 3) Meet needs with nutrient-dense foods (~85% of cals) · 4) Limit added sugars, saturated fat, sodium, alcohol
US-StyleTypical American intake in nutrient-dense forms; higher dairy & meat
MediterraneanMore fruit & seafood, less dairy; ↓ CVD & T2DM risk
VegetarianNo meat/poultry/seafood; higher calcium & fiber, lower vitamin D
Food Labels & Claims
%DV Rule5% DV = low · 20% DV = high. Calories: 40 = low, 100 = moderate, 400+ = high
Health ClaimFood↔disease link. Requires FDA authorization / authoritative body
Nutrient Content Claim"free," "high," "low," "lite." "Healthy" = FDA-defined fat/sat-fat/cholesterol/sodium levels
Structure/Function ClaimDSHEA-regulated. No FDA preapproval; must carry FDA disclaimer
2016 RedesignAdded sugars listed separately; vitamin D & potassium required; calories enlarged
Sports Nutrition Timing
| Phase | Carbohydrate | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
| Pre (meal) | 1.0–4.5 g/kg | 4–6 hrs before; high carb, low fat/fiber, moderate protein, 400–800 cal |
| Pre (snack) | ~50 g + 5–10 g protein | 30–60 min before; boosts late-workout glucose |
| During | 30–60 g/hour | For exercise >60 min; 15–20 min intervals; 6–8% CHO drink |
| Post | 1.2 g/kg/hour | 15–30 min intervals, first 4–6 hrs; add protein for repair |
Hydration & Risks
| Phase | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Before | 5–7 mL/kg, ≥4 hrs prior (begin euhydrated) |
| During | Match sweat rate; prevent >2% body-weight loss; 20–30 mEq/L Na |
| After | 1.5 L per kg body weight lost if rapid recovery |
DehydrationSweat loss > fluid intake. Risk: heat, intensity, low intake → heat illness
HyponatremiaLow blood sodium from EXCESS fluid. Risk: ≥4 hr events, weight gain during exercise
Supplements (DSHEA: safe until proven unsafe; not FDA pre-evaluated)
| Evidence-Supported | Dose / Note | Little/No Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Creatine monohydrate | Load 20 g/day ×5–7 d, then 3–5 g/day | Glutamine |
| Caffeine | 3–6 mg/kg, 30–60 min pre | Arginine |
| Post-exercise CHO | 1.2 g/kg/hr, 15–30 min intervals | Carnitine |
| Whey & casein protein | Whey fast / casein slow; combo = best strength | — |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 0.2–0.4 g/kg, 60–120 min pre (GI risk) | — |
| β-alanine | 3–6 g/day ×4–10 wks; benefits 60–240 s efforts | — |
⚠ Always referRecommending specific supplements is outside PT scope — refer to an RD or physician regardless of personal knowledge.